Peripheral IV lines need to be replaced every three or four days. Once the IV line is removed, the insertion site needs to be kept clean until it heals. It is not related to the practice of gamma irradiation of blood in transfusion medicine.
Medical uses
Three types of needles/catheter combinations are in common use. A butterfly catheter consists of an inflexible sharp steel needle with a catheter attached to it. This type of catheter is used to deliver a single injection into a vein, or when the therapy will take no more than four hours. Use of a butterfly needle/catheter combination is more likely to result in accidental needle sticks to the health care worker than other needle/catheter combinations. All IV therapy requires a sharp needle to pierce the skin and a catheter, (a thin, flexible tube) to deliver the fluids, a bag or bottle that contains the fluids, and a delivery system that controls the rate of flow of fluids coming out of the bag and into the patient. During the procedure, a healthcare professional will insert a cannula into a person’s vein, usually in the crook of their arm.
Prepared solutions
George P Miley at the Hahnemann Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, published a series of articles on the use of the procedure in the treatment of thrombophlebitis, staphylococcal sepsis, peritonitis, botulism, poliomyelitis, non-healing wounds, and asthma. A 2020 study examining IV multivitamin use in both outpatient and medical settings concluded that there was insufficient evidence to recommend their use outside medical settings. A 2020 study concluded that there was insufficient evidence to recommend the use of multivitamin IV therapy outside of medical settings. They then put the fluid into an IV bag with a tube attached to the cannula. Doctors use the technique as a fast-acting way to feed essential fluids into the body’s system. Once the IV line is in place, it needs to be monitored and flushed regularly.
Implantable ports
An IV line can be threaded through a peripheral vein to end near the heart, which is termed a “peripherally inserted central catheter” or PICC line. If a person is likely to need long-term intravenous therapy, a medical port may be implanted to enable easier repeated access to the vein without having to pierce the vein repeatedly. A catheter can also be inserted into a central vein through the chest, which is known as a tunneled line. The specific type of catheter used and site of insertion are affected by the desired substance to be administered and the health of the veins in the desired site of insertion. IV therapy is also used to transfuse blood or blood products such as plasma or packed red blood cells. Finally, IV therapy is used to provide nutritional support.
Infection
- The composition of the fluid to be infused depends on its purpose.
- The IV line and flow rate are rechecked and re-documented at regular intervals.
- Many therapies are administered as a “bolus” or one-time dose, but they may also be administered as an extended infusion or drip.
- For this reason, the intravenous route of administration is also used for the consumption of some recreational drugs.
- A medical professional dilutes the vitamins with sterile water.
The most basic intravenous access consists of a needle piercing the skin and entering a vein which is connected to a syringe or to external tubing. In some cases, multiple medications or therapies are administered through the same IV line. The intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver medications and fluid replacement throughout the body as they are introduced directly into the circulatory system and thus quickly distributed. For this reason, the intravenous route of administration is also used for the consumption of some recreational drugs.
Unless recommended by your physician, daily requirements of vitamins can be easily obtained through a well-balanced diet that includes multiple servings of vegetables and fruits. There are very few true reasons to require IV vitamin therapy, the most common being a history of small intestine removal due to illness, cancer, or trauma, which will hamper the absorption of edible nutrients. Healthcare professionals can use an IV to deliver medication, vitamins, blood, or other fluids to those who need them. Richard Lower showed it was possible for blood to be transfused from animal to animal and from animal to man intravenously, a xenotransfusion.
Access
A tourniquet is tightened between the insertion site and the heart a 5-6 inches (12-15 cm) above the insertion site. The needle is then used to pierce the skin and enter the vein. The catheter position is confirmed by observing a backflow of blood into the catheter casing, or by drawing up blood in a syringe attached to the needle. If a butterfly catheter is used, the needle is then taped in place. If an over-the-needle catheter is used, the catheter is slid over the needle into the vein, then the needle is withdrawn and the catheter tube is taped in place.
Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Peripheral veins— Any veins that are not on the trunk of the body.
- If an over-the-needle catheter is used, the catheter is slid over the needle into the vein, then the needle is withdrawn and the catheter tube is taped in place.
- These are often used for cancer patients who must receive frequent IV chemotherapy.
- Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical process that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person’s vein.
- Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA).
Procedure
The catheter is slipped over the guide wire and into the vein. The guide wire is withdrawn, and the catheter is sutured in place. Intravenous administration of fluids, drugs, and nutrition is very common in hospitals.
Infiltration and extravasation
This is not considered to be parenteral nutrition as it does not prevent malnutrition when used on its own. Standardized solutions may also differ between developers. Following are some examples of what compositions they may have. The solution for normal patients may be given both centrally and peripherally. Another use of IV administration is the avoidance of first-pass metabolism in the intravenous therapy wikipedia liver. Substances that may be infused intravenously include volume expanders, blood-based products, blood substitutes, medications and nutrition.
Complete nutrition by IV is called total parenteral nutrition (TPN). TPN is used when an individual’s digestive system is blocked, when nutrient absorption fails to occur, and when the GI tract needs to rest because of conditions such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or recent bowel surgery. Because of its complete form of nutrition, TPN is also used for individuals with severe burns. IV therapy is also a method of used for the administration of medications.
These solutions cause water to move out of the blood vessels and into the surrounding tissue and are often used to carefully rehydrate dehydrated individuals. Examples include 0.45% NaCl (sodium chloride) and 2.5% dextrose (a sugar solution). Hypertonic solutions have more molecules in them than exist in the surrounding blood serum. These solutions cause water to move out of the tissues and into the blood vessels. These solutions are useful in increasing urine output and reducing tissue swelling (edema ).